Early February, 2026
Introduction
We can, from our balcony, see cruise ships as they enter and leave San Juan. It seems some of the newer cruise ships evince a different design philosophy than the older ones. I wondered why. So I did a little research. Hence, this post.
Observation
Notice the bows of the two cruise ships in port a few years ago.

The two ships demonstrate the common feature known as a regular bow; that is, a bow whose most furthest forward point is at the top of the bow.
Now compare that to the two cruise ships in port a few days ago.

The nearer cruise ship, the MSC Grandioso, has a typical regular bow. The other ship, the Celebrity Apex, has what is known as a reverse bow.
Here is another view of the two of them.
To me, the Grandioso seems sleeker, better able to deal with high seas. The Apex seems more like a bulldog chasing a soccer ball. I wonder how it does in high seas.
Now, I have seen a few reverse bows before, especially on the motor yacht A, owned by the Russian oligarch Andrey Melnichenko. She used to visit port here. If she were to visit now she would probably be seized because of sanctions on Russia.

Note both the reverse bow and that the upper deck is narrower than the hull at the waterline, a feature know as a tumbledown or tumblehome hull. I wrote about this motor yacht in two earlier posts; check the posts out here and here.
The MSC Grandioso was launched in 2019. It is large, with room for 6,334 passengers. But the MSC designers seem not to be immune from the new design fad.

The new MSC World America was in port about a week ago. Note the reverse bow on the World America. She was launched in late 2025 and has a capacity of 6,700 passengers spread over her 22 decks.
The reverse bow trend is retro in that early steam ships often had reverse bows. That pretty much ended after the Empress of Ireland was lost at sea.
RMS Empress of Ireland
The RMS Empress of Ireland and her sister Empress of Britain were built in England and owned by the Canadian Pacific Steamship Company. They sailed between Liverpool and Quebec City in the summer months, and Liverpool and Halifax during the winter when the Saint Lawrence River was iced over. The Empress of Ireland was lost after she collided with the Norwegian collier Storstad in foggy conditions in the Saint Lawrence estuary.

On her final voyage, which would have been her 96th crossing, the Empress of Ireland left Quebec City at 4 30 PM, May 28, 1914. She sailed the 300 km downriver under the guidance of a Canadian pilot, who was dropped off at Pointe-au-Pere in the early hours of May 29, 1914. According to the subsequent investigation, she saw the running lights of another ship, which turned out to the the Storstad. The two ships were in visual contact until they were about one mile apart when they both become enveloped in thick fog. They used their fog whistles but at 1:56 AM the Storstad crashed into the starboard side of the Empress of Ireland. The damage, especially below the waterline, was extensive, and the Empress of Ireland sank about 14 minutes after the collision. Rescue efforts saved 465 people, but 1,065 perished,

This image shows the damage the Storstad suffered during the collision. Note the reverse bow.
The Canadian government formed a Board of Inquiry which first met on June 16, 1914. It heard testimony from 61 witnesses, including the captain and officers from both ships. Both parties blamed the other for the collision. A contemporary observer noted that, if both captains were to be believed, the collision occurred while both ships were stationary, with engines at idle.
In the event, the Storstad and her captain were found liable. The Board noted that the Norwegian collier had altered course after the fog settled in and was on a course different than the other ship realized.
Marine architects took note of the massive underwater damage caused by the Storstad’s reverse bow. A contemporary said the damage was “like a chisel into tin.” Ship designers began specifying raked bows. Designers realized that, in a collision, a raked bow would cause damage above the waterline but would most likely not cause harm below it.
Over time, designers embraced raked bows and added innovative features like bulbous bows.

Note the bulbous protrusion under the raked bow of this cruise ship. I wrote about bulbous bows in an earlier post. Check it out here. Be forewarned – I wandered a bit in that one. A friend, after reading the post, said the Muses must have slapped me around as I wrote it.
So Why Reverse Bows?
In a word, I don’t know. There is an ongoing revolution in ship design but the information I’ve seen pertains to smaller ships. Consider, for example, the Motor Yacht Olivia O, launched in 2020. She was built in Norway, at the shipyard that originated the unusual bow design. At a length of 290 ft, she is among the top 150 largest motor yachts.

The Olivia O is designed with the so-called X-Bow, a design created for smaller ships working as service vessels for off shore oil platforms, wind farms, etc. Check out a promotional video for that bow design here.
But the Celebrity Apex and the MSC America World have inverted bows, not X-Bows. And I can’t find any documentation as to why. If you search on YouTube for X Bow and bow design, you will see there is much to learn. But I could find nothing about why huge ships like the MSC World America have an inverted bow. If you know the reason, leave a comment.
No matter. I can sit on my balcony in the morning, with a cup of coffee, and watch the ships come in. And in the late afternoon, with a gin and tonic, I can watch them leave. And that’s not so bad.
Notes and Sources
The Empress of Ireland and Storstad images are from the Wikipedia article titled RMS Empress of Ireland. I used that article for my information about the ship, the accident, and the aftermath.
The image of the Olivia O is from https://www.yachtcharterfleet.com/luxury-charter-yacht-54241/olivia-o.htm
The other images are mine.

















































































































































































